{"id":2373,"date":"2023-05-24T15:48:14","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T13:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learningtoys.cz\/blog\/?p=2373"},"modified":"2023-05-30T16:09:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T14:09:54","slug":"laktogeneze-aneb-jak-se-tvori-mleko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learningtoys.cz\/blog\/laktogeneze-aneb-jak-se-tvori-mleko\/","title":{"rendered":"Laktogeneze aneb jak se tvo\u0159\u00ed ml\u00e9ko"},"content":{"rendered":"

Laktogeneze jsou zm\u011bny v prsn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1ze b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu na laktaci<\/h2>\n

Laktogeneze – prvn\u00ed st\u00e1dium<\/span><\/h4>\n

Na konci t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed vstupuje ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 \u017el\u00e1za do prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze laktogeneze. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi produkuje\u00a0kolostrum\u00a0(mlezivo), hustou, n\u011bkdy na\u017eloutlou tekutinu. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00e9 hladiny progesteronu blokuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu produkce ml\u00e9ka. Z medic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho hlediska nehraje \u017e\u00e1dnou roli, pokud ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 \u017el\u00e1za produkuje kolostrum je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed porodem.<\/p>\n

Laktogeneze – druh\u00e9 st\u00e1dium<\/span><\/h4>\n

Porod\u00a0placenty zp\u016fsob\u00ed n\u00e1hl\u00fd pokles hladin progesteronu, estrogen\u016f a HPL, zat\u00edmco hladina prolaktinu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le vysok\u00e1. Toto n\u00e1hl\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny progesteronu ve spojen\u00ed s vysokou hladinou prolaktinu stimuluje tvorbu bohatou produkci ml\u00e9ka ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi laktogeneze. Po prvn\u00ed stimulaci prsu se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed hladina prolaktinu v\u00a0krvi\u00a0(s vrcholem po cca 45 minut\u00e1ch) a b\u011bhem asi 3 hodin se op\u011bt vr\u00e1t\u00ed do stavu p\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm kojen\u00ed. Tento vzestup hladiny prolaktinu spust\u00ed v alveolech tvorbu ml\u00e9ka. Prolaktin se rovn\u011b\u017e vylu\u010duje do ml\u00e9ka.<\/p>\n

Do tohoto procesu se rovn\u011b\u017e zapojuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 hormony \u2013\u00a0inzul\u00edn,\u00a0thyroxin\u00a0a\u00a0kortizol, jejich role v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e1. A\u010dkoliv\u00a0biochemick\u00e9\u00a0ukazatele nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze laktogeneze za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 asi 30\u201340 hodin po porodu, matky obvykle za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed m\u00edt pocit plnosti prs\u016f a\u017e po 2\u20133 dnech po porodu.<\/p>\n

Kolostrum\u00a0neboli mlezivo je prvn\u00ed ml\u00e9ko, kter\u00e9 kojen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1. Obsahuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed\u00a0b\u00edl\u00fd<\/a>ch krvinek<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0protil\u00e1tek\u00a0ne\u017e zral\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko. Zejm\u00e9na to je vysok\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed\u00a0imunoglobulinu\u00a0A (IgA), kter\u00fd pokryje\u00a0sliznici\u00a0nevyzr\u00e1l\u00e9ho\u00a0tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva\u00a0d\u00edt\u011bte. T\u00edm pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ed pr\u016fnikem mikroorganism\u016f do organismu. Sekre\u010dn\u00ed IgA rovn\u011b\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet vzniku potravinov\u00fdch\u00a0alergi\u00ed. Po dvou t\u00fddnech od porodu se kolostrum postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed ve zral\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Laktogeneze – t\u0159et\u00ed st\u00e1dium<\/span><\/h4>\n

B\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a prvn\u00edch dn\u016f po porodu je tvorba ml\u00e9ka \u0159\u00edzena syst\u00e9mem endokrinn\u00edch hormon\u016f (vylu\u010dovan\u00fdch do krve). Jakmile je tvorba ml\u00e9ka pevn\u011bji nastolena, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se uplat\u0148ovat \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed autokrinn\u00ed (hormony p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b sv\u00e9 tvorby). To je t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze laktogeneze. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00edm v\u00edce ml\u00e9ka, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce je ho z prsu odeb\u00edr\u00e1no. V\u00fdzkumy rovn\u011b\u017e nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00ed prsu rovn\u011b\u017e podpo\u0159\u00ed tvorbu ml\u00e9ka. Tvorba ml\u00e9ka je tedy siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na tom, jak \u010dasto se d\u00edt\u011b krm\u00ed a jak dob\u0159e je schopno odeb\u00edrat ml\u00e9ko z prsu. N\u00edzk\u00e1 tvorba ml\u00e9ka m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena:<\/p>\n