{"id":295,"date":"2020-05-13T16:48:08","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T14:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marweb.cz\/learningtoysblog\/?p=295"},"modified":"2020-05-13T17:29:39","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T15:29:39","slug":"jak-vidi-novorozenec-a-jak-spravne-zrak-podporovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learningtoys.cz\/blog\/jak-vidi-novorozenec-a-jak-spravne-zrak-podporovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vid\u00ed novorozenec? A jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b zrak podporovat?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee novorozenec po narozen\u00ed nevid\u00ed nic a teprve po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161imnout obli\u010deje a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Na toto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b vliv nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 reakce novorozence na takov\u00e9 podn\u011bty jako hra\u010dky, nebo tv\u00e1\u0159e rodi\u010d\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee novorozenci nevid\u00ed nic, ale jejich zrak je nejm\u00e9n\u011b vyvinut\u00fd smysl. Kv\u016fli temnot\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 v b\u0159ichu matky, nen\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed v prenat\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b rozv\u00edjet. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je zrak zcela nevyvinut\u00fd. Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po narozen\u00ed mohou novorozenci vid\u011bt objekty ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 20-30 cm, tedy do vzd\u00e1lenosti, kter\u00e1 je odd\u011bluje od tv\u00e1\u0159e matky, zat\u00edmco je krm\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edroda \u00famysln\u011b dala novorozenc\u016fm mo\u017enost vid\u011bt na tak malou vzd\u00e1lenost, aby z\u00edskan\u00e9 podn\u011bty nebyly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00ed.<\/em><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fakta o zraku d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku novorozenec vid\u00ed asi 30kr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00fd. Obrazy jsou rozmazan\u00e9, jakoby v mlze. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d novorozenci nejl\u00e9pe vid\u00ed velk\u00e9 vzory a kontrastn\u00ed barvy, jako je b\u00edl\u00e1 a \u010dern\u00e1. V\u00edcebarevn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky s mno\u017estv\u00edm detail\u016f se v o\u010d\u00edch d\u00edt\u011bte spojuj\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 rozmazan\u00e9 skvrny. Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kojenci v prvn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci \u017eivota nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed mezi odli\u0161n\u00fdmi barvami, vn\u00edmaj\u00ed pouze siln\u00e9 kontrastn\u00ed vzory.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj zraku d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"Zrak je jedn\u00edm z nejintenzivn\u011bji se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch smysl\u016f. Za pouh\u00fdch 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se z velmi \u0161patn\u011b vyvinut\u00e9ho smyslu st\u00e1v\u00e1 dokonal\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edve je obraz, kter\u00fd d\u00edt\u011b vid\u00ed, rozmazan\u00fd a \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fd. Po asi m\u011bs\u00edci za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b rozli\u0161ovat barvy. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku je to \u010derven\u00e1. V tomto okam\u017eiku si d\u011bti je\u0161t\u011b nejsou v\u011bdomy podrobnost\u00ed, kontury a m\u00edsta kontaktu jsou b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u010dern\u00e9. Asi ve 3-4 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch d\u00edt\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pomalu rozli\u0161ovat i jin\u00e9 barvy, jako je \u017elut\u00e1 nebo zelen\u00e1. Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed kojenci preferuj\u00ed \u017elutou a \u010dervenou barvu a kontrastn\u00ed velk\u00e9 vzory, proto\u017ee stimuluj\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Kolem \u0161est\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed mal\u00e9 d\u011bti vid\u011bt detaily obrazu – zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed mal\u00e9 prvky a dychtiv\u011b na n\u011b soust\u0159ed\u00ed svou pozornost. Po dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011b dos\u00e1hne \u00farovn\u011b zraku dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

\"\"Pro\u010d stimulovat o\u010di?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u010casto sly\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed stimulace u kojenc\u016f je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Ale
\nmnoz\u00ed rodi\u010de se ptaj\u00ed, pro\u010d v\u016fbec stimulovat zrak kdy\u017e se po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b s\u00e1m vyvine?<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj mozku d\u00edt\u011bte<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Zdrav\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b za\u010dne po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b, asi jednom roce, vid\u011bt jako dosp\u011bl\u00fd. Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed stimulace je v\u0161ak pozitivn\u00ed nejen pro zrak, ale i pro v\u00fdvoj mozku d\u00edt\u011bte, a prvn\u00ed roky \u017eivota jsou doba, kdy je jeho r\u016fst nejv\u00edce intenzivn\u00ed. Od narozen\u00ed vzroste mozek u batolat ka\u017ed\u00fd den o 1%.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj mozkov\u00fdch gangli\u00ed novorozence<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee v prvn\u00edch 2 letech \u017eivota vznikaj\u00ed ka\u017edou vte\u0159inu 2 miliony nov\u00fdch nervov\u00fdch spojen\u00ed? Mozek d\u00edt\u011bte nebude ji\u017e nikdy tak plastick\u00fd jako v tomto obdob\u00ed! Av\u0161ak nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zmiz\u00ed. Pokud mozek nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 podn\u011bty od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f \u017eivota, vazby mohou zmizet nen\u00e1vratn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u00a0„I kdyby se v\u0161echny d\u011bti narodily jako g\u00e9niov\u00e9, b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch \u0161esti\u00a0 let \u017eivota svou g\u00e9nialitu ztrat\u00ed, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 malou stimulaci mozku.“ (Dr. Aneta Czerska, psycholog)“<\/em><\/h4>\n

Pokud chcete z\u00edskat pro va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b v\u00fdhodu v u\u010den\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete to ud\u011blat velmi jednoduch\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Za\u010dn\u011bte s kontrastn\u00edmi vzory, \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fdmi hra\u010dkami, kter\u00e9 mu pomohou zam\u011b\u0159it a prozkoumat sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Vliv kontrastu na v\u00fdvoj mozku<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm procesem v mozku je myelinizace, kter\u00e1 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za zakryt\u00ed zral\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch impulz\u016f. Rovn\u011b\u017e zlep\u0161uje rovnov\u00e1hu, pohyblivost, koordinaci a s\u00edlu sval\u016f. Proces myelinizace prob\u00edh\u00e1 ji\u017e v prvn\u00edch dnech \u017eivota d\u00edt\u011bte. M\u016f\u017eete jej podpo\u0159it volbou spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch podn\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee pokud po dobu jednoho t\u00fddne t\u0159i minuty denn\u011b kojenc\u016fm ukazujete kontrastn\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 obrazy, jejich schopnost zam\u011b\u0159it obraz se zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 10 na 90 sekund. D\u00edt\u011b, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na objekt, sd\u011bluje informace nejhlub\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti mozku, co\u017e stimuluje jeho r\u016fst. (Zdroj: Dr. Susan Ludington-Hoe, „Jak m\u00edt chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b“)<\/h3>\n

D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 byly stimulov\u00e1ny kontrastn\u00edmi obrazy,maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady k dobr\u00fdm studijn\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. Je to proto, \u017ee p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed se v mozku vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete si b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed stimulace va\u0161eho d\u00edt\u011bte se v budoucnu z\u00faro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vyb\u00edrejte spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hra\u010dky\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Prvn\u00ed hra\u010dky va\u0161eho d\u00edt\u011bte by m\u011bly poskytovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed podn\u011bty. Vyb\u00edrejte hra\u010dky v \u017eiv\u00fdch kontrastn\u00edch barv\u00e1ch a vzorech p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmu vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161eho miminka. Obklopte sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b kontrastn\u00edmi obr\u00e1zky tak, \u017ee je um\u00edst\u00edte do jeho prostoru. Mohou to b\u00fdt hra\u010dky, kn\u00ed\u017eky \u010di panely, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete v\u00e1zat na post\u00fdlku, um\u00edstit na ko\u010d\u00e1rek, \u010di polo\u017eit vedle d\u00edt\u011bte. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro va\u0161e batole je vytvo\u0159ena kolekce prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch hrac\u00edch dek a hra\u010dek, kter\u00e9 stimuluj\u00ed mozek od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 zvolit hra\u010dky stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolik smysl\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b. Podpo\u0159te spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj d\u00edt\u011bte t\u00edm, \u017ee mu d\u00e1te hra\u010dku vhodnou pro jeho v\u011bk. Po uplynut\u00ed 3 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, se d\u00edt\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dot\u00fdkat p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a jeho zrak se zlep\u0161uje. M\u011blo by b\u00fdt schopno se dotknout r\u016fzn\u00fdch povrch\u016f, sledovat nov\u00e9 obrazy a poslouchat nov\u00e9 zvuky. V\u0161imn\u011bte si v\u0161ak, \u017ee nadbytek podn\u011bt\u016f p\u0159ijat\u00fdch najednou nen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku schopno zpracovat. Pro hra\u010dku, kter\u00e1 zp\u00edv\u00e1, hraje a tan\u010d\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, p\u0159ijde \u010das. Pokud m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b 3 m\u011bs\u00edce, budou nejlep\u0161\u00ed hra\u010dky a stimula\u010dn\u00ed deky z kolekce „Kontrastn\u00ed hra\u010dky“.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nezapome\u0148te tak\u00e9 na bezpe\u010dnost va\u0161eho d\u00edt\u011bte. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru hra\u010dek zkontrolujte, zda maj\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed CE, kter\u00e9 dokazuje, \u017ee jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny v souladu s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi normami EU. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby textilie, z nich\u017e jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny, byly Oeko Tex Standard 100 certifikovan\u00e9 v I. t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. V\u00fdrobky s t\u00edmto certifik\u00e1tem spl\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdrobky pro kojence a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti. Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1ruky mohou b\u00fdt certifikov\u00e1ny jako „bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro d\u00edt\u011b“.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdvoj a stimulaci zraku spl\u0148uj\u00ed hra\u010dky LAMAZE, kter\u00e9 jsou vyv\u00edjeny ve spolupr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edky. LAMAZE hra\u010dky nakupujte v\u00fdhradn\u011b od ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho distributora learningtoys ZDE:<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee novorozenec po narozen\u00ed nevid\u00ed nic a teprve po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161imnout obli\u010deje a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Na toto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b vliv nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 reakce novorozence na takov\u00e9 podn\u011bty jako hra\u010dky, nebo tv\u00e1\u0159e rodi\u010d\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee novorozenci nevid\u00ed nic, ale jejich zrak je nejm\u00e9n\u011b vyvinut\u00fd smysl. Kv\u016fli temnot\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,22],"tags":[55,23,52,53,24,54,51],"yoast_head":"\nJak vid\u00ed novorozenec? A jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b zrak podporovat? - Learning Toys<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learningtoys.cz\/blog\/jak-vidi-novorozenec-a-jak-spravne-zrak-podporovat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak vid\u00ed novorozenec? A jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b zrak podporovat? - Learning Toys\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee novorozenec po narozen\u00ed nevid\u00ed nic a teprve po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b si m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161imnout obli\u010deje a p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Na toto p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u0159ejm\u011b vliv nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 reakce novorozence na takov\u00e9 podn\u011bty jako hra\u010dky, nebo tv\u00e1\u0159e rodi\u010d\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee novorozenci nevid\u00ed nic, ale jejich zrak je nejm\u00e9n\u011b vyvinut\u00fd smysl. 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